Which of the following best describes the relationship between state and federal governments?

The relationship between state and federal governments is characterized by a system of federalism, where power is divided and shared between the national and state levels of government. The Constitution, particularly through the Tenth Amendment, denotes that any powers not specifically granted to the federal government are reserved for the states. This means states have their own governmental powers and can enact laws on a wide range of issues such as education, health, and transportation, as long as they do not contradict federal laws.

This structure is essential in allowing states to cater to their unique needs and populations while still being part of a larger federal system. The reservation of powers helps maintain a balance of authority, promoting both local governance and national cohesion. This principle underscores the importance and autonomy of state governments within the federal system.