Which of the following actions cannot lead to the removal of a governor in Texas?

In Texas, a governor may be removed from office through various means including impeachment, criminal conviction, and recall elections. However, resignation is not a mechanism for removal; rather, it is a voluntary action taken by an official to step down from their position.

Impeachment involves a formal process by which the legislature can charge a governor with misconduct, leading to a trial and potential removal if found guilty. Criminal conviction may also result in removal if the individual is sent to prison for certain offenses, as outlined by law. A recall election allows voters to decide whether to remove an elected official from office before the end of their term through a special election.

In contrast, resignation is a decision made by the governor to leave office and does not require any of the aforementioned processes. Thus, resignation is distinct from the other actions that directly involve mechanisms of removal.