Which court case established the idea of judicial review?

The case that established the concept of judicial review is Marbury vs Madison. This landmark decision was issued by the United States Supreme Court in 1803 and is foundational to the principle of checks and balances within the American legal system. In this case, the Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, asserted its authority to review and invalidate laws and executive actions that conflict with the Constitution. This power of judicial review allows the judiciary to act as a check on the legislative and executive branches, ensuring that all actions comply with the constitutional framework.

The significance of this ruling lies in its establishment of the judiciary as a co-equal branch of government with the power to enforce constitutional limits on the other branches. This case set a precedent for numerous subsequent court cases involving constitutional interpretation and the balance of power among government branches, reinforcing the role of the Supreme Court in American governance.