The predominant political alignment at the Constitutional Convention of 1875 was indeed Democratic with a significant presence of farmers. This convention occurred during a time when Texas was recovering from the Civil War and the turmoil of Reconstruction. The Democratic Party emerged as the dominant political force in the state during this period, largely represented by those who had previously been Confederates and opposed Radical Reconstruction policies.
The focus on farmers reflects the socio-economic context of Texas at that time, where agrarian interests were critical. Many of the delegates were concerned with issues relevant to rural and agricultural populations, advocating for policies that would protect farmers' rights and interests against perceived threats from industrialization and urbanization. This alignment emphasized more local control and conservative governance, catering to the needs of the agricultural sector.
In contrast, other options do not accurately represent the political landscape of the time. The Republican Party was not the principal force at the convention due to their dwindling influence post-Reconstruction, and independent movements lacked substantial organization or representation in Texas politics during this era. The Libertarian presence aimed at reducing government intervention would not accurately characterize the mainstream political agendas being discussed at the convention, as the focus was on establishing a framework that would meet the demands of a recovering agrarian society.